The invention relates to a method for improving the active ingredients of Chinese caterpillar fungus mycelium powder produced by using a fermentation method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) concentrating Chinese caterpillar fungus fermentation liquor into liquor with a volume accounting for 30-80% of the volume of the original liquor; (2) carrying out effective emulsifying, dispersing, homogenizing and smashing on the concentrated Chinese caterpillar fungus fermentation liquor by using a colloid mill, so that the particle size of processed Chinese caterpillar fungus mycelium reaches 10-60 micrometers, and the heterogeneity reaches 60-95%; (3) inputting the Chinese caterpillar fungus fermentation liquor subjected to homogenizing and smashing into an ultrahigh pressure cell disruption instrument, wherein the working parameters are as follows: the working pressure is 300-4000 bar, the working temperature is 4-30 DEG C, the number of disruption times is 1-5, and the cell-wall disruption ratio is 70-96%; and (4) after the Chinese caterpillar fungus fermentation liquor subjected to disruption is dried at the temperature of 60-100 DEG C, crushing and sieving the obtained object so as to obtain a Chinese caterpillar fungus mycelium product. According to the invention, artificial Chinese caterpillar fungus mycelium powder is subjected to cell-wall disruption by using an ultrahigh pressure cell disruption method, so that the bacterial cell-wall disruption ratio of the obtained Chinese caterpillar fungus mycelium product reaches over 95%, the adenosine content of the product is increased by more than 10% on the basis of the original content, and the beneficial ingredients in the product can be absorbed by the human body better.