An adaptive emergency control method for voltage security and stability based on synchronous measurement information. According to the method, based on synchronous measurement data of bus voltages and branch tidal currents collected in real time, an equation reflecting a correlation between a variation of the bus voltages and active and reactive variations of each bus load is established, and an optimization method is adopted to carry out simultaneous resolution of an equation set reflecting an incidence relation among a plurality of operating points of an actually measured operating trajectory to obtain the sensitivity, of injection of active and reactive power into each bus, to the bus voltage; in consideration of the priority and price of load control, and in controllable reactive device switching and a load control measure space, reactive device switching and load control measures that satisfy voltage security and stability requirements of each bus with the lowest control price are searched for. The method can implement coordination and optimization emergency control for preventing voltages from losing security and stability.