The invention discloses a device and a method for recycling coal pyrolysis waste. The device comprises a system A for preparing active coke through waste pyrolysis, a system B for degrading wastewater through adsorption and biochemical coupling of active coke, and a system C for recycling waste active coke, which are connected with each other. The method comprises steps of (1) pyrolyzing raw coal, carrying out dedusting, gas-liquid separation and oil-water separation on pyrolysis oil gas so as to produce tar; allowing wastewater to enter the system B for degrading wastewater through adsorption and biochemical coupling of active coke, and reserving tar residue for later use; (2) quenching and separating pyrolyzed semicoke, then mixing with semicoke powder and grinding; (3) mixing the semicoke powder with an additive and tar residue and molding; (4) carrying out pretreatment, first level adsorption, first level precipitation, biochemical treatment, advanced treatment and second level precipitation on the wastewater; (5) allowing active coke to enter an advanced active coke adsorption unit, and discharging the left; and (6) carrying out first level precipitation on the waste active coke till the active coke is dried, then feeding in a boiler for burning so as to produce vapor, wherein part of the vapor is recycled and the left is discharged. According to the device and the method, the processes are simplified, the cost is lowered, and the wastewater treatment effect is good.