The invention discloses a liquid distribution sprayer which comprises a sprayer body (1) and a sprayer cover (2) connected to the upper end of the sprayer body (1), wherein the sprayer body (1) comprises a hollow swirl chamber (11), a throat part (12) and a nozzle (13) which are communicated with one another in sequence; a water inlet (14) is formed in the swirl chamber (11); the flowing area of the throat part (12) is smaller than those of the hollow swirl chamber (11) and the nozzle (13); the sprayer cover (2) comprises a cover body (21) and a flow guide part (22) for guiding liquid to flow to the central region of the liquid distribution sprayer; the flow guide part (22) is formed at the center of the cover body (21) and extends towards the nozzle (13). On the basis of the liquid distribution sprayer, the invention also discloses a sea water desalination spraying device comprising the liquid distribution sprayer. The liquid distribution sprayer disclosed by the invention eliminates an air core caused by swirl of the liquid, so that liquid distribution is more uniform.