Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for implementing Turbo equalization compensation, an equalizer, and a system. The method for implementing Turbo equalization compensation includes: dividing a first data block into n data segments, where D bits in two adjacent data segments in the n data segments overlap, performing recursive processing on each data segment in the n data segments, and merging the n data segments on which the recursive processing has been performed, to obtain a second data block; and performing iterative decoding on the second data block, to output a third data block, where data lengths of the first data block, the second data block, and the third data block are all 1/T of a code length of a LDPC convolutional code. The embodiments of the present invention are applied to a receive end of a high-speed optical fiber transmission system. By performing, in an OP-BCJR unit, segmentation processing and forward and backward recursive operations on a received data block, and performing, in an LDPC convolutional code decoding unit, Turbo iterative processing on data obtained from the OP-BCJR unit, a system throughput can be effectively improved.