The invention provides an image capturing device, which simultaneously obtains a plurality of types of spectral information without increasing the number of filters, while suppressing various problems such as the increase in manufacturing cost to keep precise arrangement of filters, the reduction in light amount, and the reduction in resolution, and an image capturing system employing same. The image capturing device 12 includes an optical system 24, a first filter 26 provided near a diaphragm position of the optical system, a color sensor 6, and a lens array 3. The first filter 26 includes a plurality of filters respectively having different spectral characteristics. The color sensor 6 includes a plurality of filters respectively having different spectral characteristics. The lights from an object pass through the respective filters of the first filter and the respective filters of the color sensor to simultaneously obtain a plurality of types of spectral information, and the filters are combined to form multi-band filters.