The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a short circuit guaranteeing drilling fluid continuous circulation and a drilling fluid continuous circulation process of the short circuit guaranteeing drilling fluid continuous circulation. The short circuit guaranteeing drilling fluid continuous circulation comprises a low-torque ball valve element and a bypass check valve, wherein the low-torque ball valve element is installed inside a short circuit body, and the bypass check valve is arranged at the lower end of the low-torque ball valve element and is installed on the lateral wall of the short circuit body. The circulation process is achieved through a continuous circulation well drilling pipe manifold. The short circuit guaranteeing drilling fluid continuous circulation and the drilling fluid continuous circulation process of the short circuit guaranteeing drilling fluid continuous circulation achieves continuous circulation of drilling fluid when a drilling column is connected, avoids downhole pressure fluctuation caused by starting and stopping of a pump, reduces complex downhole conditions and downhole accidents brought about by large downhole pressure fluctuation, is easy, convenient and rapid to operate, is safe and reliable in construction process, and overcomes the defect that in the tripping operation and column connection operation of an existing oil drilling process, the pump needs to be stopped and drilling fluid circulation needs to be interrupted.