Disclosed is a method for anaerobic pyrolysis treatment of dead-of-disease livestock and municipal organic refuse, which uses an anaerobic pyrolysis device to perform a harmlessness treatment on dead-of-disease pigs, the treatment being a chemical reaction process performed in a sealed, oxygen-free, non-combustible, high-temperature state, comprising heating the bodies of pigs to a high temperature under an anaerobic state, and by the action of thermal decomposition through reactions such as vaporization, pyrolysis, dehydrogenation, thermal condensation and carbonization, evaporating the moisture from the pig bodies, converting the organics therein to combustible gases and organic carbon, and killing various types of bacteria in the bodies of the dead pigs via the high temperature. Thus, a harmlessness and reutilization treatment of the dead-of-disease livestock is achieved, and environmental pollution and propagation of fatal animal diseases, such as foot-and-mouth disease, highly pathogenic avian influenza, highly pathogenic blue-ear pig disease and swine fever are avoided. Also disclosed is a device for realizing the above-mentioned method.