The invention belongs to the technical field of a lithium ion battery, and particularly relates to a device for preparing a lithium-enriched anode of a lithium ion battery. The device comprises a support seat as well as a diaphragm unwinding device, a metallic foil unwinding device, an electroplating bath, a diaphragm winding device, an anode strip unwinding device, a press roller, an anode strip winding device and a metallic foil winding device which are sequentially arranged on the support seat, wherein the electroplating bath is connected with an electrolyte supply system through a pipeline, and further, a lithium source supply system is arranged above the electroplating bath. Compared with the prior art, through electroplating and extrusion transferring, firstly, lithium is uniformly electroplated on the surface of a metallic foil in the electroplating bath to form a lithium layer, and then the lithium layer is transferred to the surface of an anode strip under the rolling action of the press roller, so that uniform lithium supplementation of the anode strip is realized; meanwhile, the first-time efficiency of the battery can be improved after the lithium supplementation of the anode strip is performed; and besides, the invention further discloses a technology which adopts the device for preparing the lithium-enriched anode strip.