The invention belongs to the technical field of catalytic coal gasification catalysts and provides a high-efficiency catalytic coal gasification catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The high-efficiency catalytic coal gasification catalyst takes a complex Ni(NH3)6CO3 as a catalyst precursor, active ingredients are uniformly dispersed on a coal base by adopting an ion exchange technique, and loading capacity of the active ingredients is 2-8%. When the prepared catalytic coal gasification catalyst is applied in a catalytic coal gasification fixed bed reactor, rate of gasification of coal can be effectively improved, and components of coal gas can be improved, so that methane content is increased and utilization rate of the coal is greatly increased.