The invention discloses a pulse radio signal generating and transmitting system comprising a digital control back end, a first switch, a second switch, an exciting unit, a primary resonance unit, a coupling unit and a secondary resonance unit, wherein the secondary resonance unit comprises an antenna unit, the digital control back end is connected with the exciting unit through the first switch and is also connected with the coupling unit through the second switch, the exciting unit, the primary resonance unit, the coupling unit and the secondary resonance unit are sequentially and electrically connected, and the digital control back end controls the on-off of the first switch and the second switch, so that the system carries out a switching operation at an isolating state and a coupling state and realizes the transmission of pulse signals. The invention further discloses a control method of the pulse radio signal generating and transmitting system. According to the pulse radio signal generating and transmitting system and the control method of the system, which are disclosed by the invention, no complex semiconductor electronic devices and circuits are provided, the power consumption and the complexity of the system are reduced, the circuits are simple, the design is smart, and the system and the control method are worthy of being popularized and applied.