The invention discloses a treatment method for improving alloy material strength, toughness, and anti-fatigue life. The method comprises solid solution and aging treatments. The method also comprises cryogenic cooling, tempering, and laser impact treatments. The cryogenic cooling treatment comprises the steps that: from room temperature, the alloy is cooled to -196 DEG C with a cooling speed of 1-10 DEG C/min, and the temperature is maintained for 10-40h. According to the tempering treatment, the alloy is heated to 100-150 DEG C, and the temperature is maintained for 2-3h. Laser impact parameters comprise laser impact spot diameter of 1-10mm, pulse energy of 1-10J, laser wavelength of 900-1200nm, repetition rate of 0.1-1HZ, pulse width of 15-40ns, and output laser pulse energy fluctuation no higher than +/-5%. The alloy material is preferably aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloy. With the method, alloy material tissue can be compact, residue stress is low, and refined grains exist. With the method, yield strength, tensile strength, impact toughness, and anti-fatigue life of the alloy material can be greatly and simultaneously improved.