The invention discloses a preparation method of oxidized graphene load gold nanoparticle sol with surface-enhanced Raman spectrum activity. Firstly oxidized graphene solutions are added into hydrogen peroxide and mixed with the hydrogen peroxide under ultraviolet irradiation, and deep oxidation of graphene is carried out; then the graphene after deep oxidation is added to deionized water, sodium citrate solutions are added, after the mixture is heated and stirred until boiling, chloroauric acid solutions are immediately added into the solutions, a heat source is removed after heating and stirring of the solutions, the solutions are stirred and cooled to be at the indoor temperature, and the oxidized graphene load gold nanoparticle sol is obtained. The oxidized graphene load gold nanoparticle sol with high dispersity and high stability can be compounded and prepared, and the oxidized graphene load gold nanoparticle sol can be used as an SERS enhanced reagent for quick detection.