Provided is an optical loop device and a photoelectric oscillator based on optical loop energy storage and filtering. An optical loop with a relative short optical fiber length is applied by the optical loop device to realize energy storage. After the optical loop is used for forming the photoelectric oscillator, a high-quality signal is obtained and usage of optical fibers in the photoelectric oscillator is reduced simultaneously. The beneficial effects of the invention are that: the photoelectric oscillator with high performance is provided, a problem in the prior art that optical fiber length needed to realize low noise may reach kilometer magnitude is solved, sensitivity of the photoelectric oscillator to temperature change is reduced, inhibition effect is effectively performed on starting vibration of side formwork and thus stray is eliminated.