The invention discloses a borehole profile rock and soil mass layered deformation optical fiber measuring method. A measurement point is selected, and a soil layer is cataloged after being bored. When a hole is formed, a sensing optical fiber is laid and then the hole is backfilled. When the rock and soil mass around the sensing optical fiber deforms, the sensing optical fiber is driven to be deformed due to wrapping force of surrounding soil mass. Strain distribution of the sensing optical fiber is measured via BOTDR/A and other technologies so that strain distribution state of corresponding positions of a borehole profile is obtained. Integration of the corresponding positions is performed on the obtained strain along the optical fiber so that deformation state of each soil layer in deep rock and soil mass can be obtained. Therefore, distributed type measurement of borehole profile rock and soil mass layered deformation is realized. The method is applicable to the field of rock and soil mass deformation monitoring, such as ground subsidence, ground collapse, mines, etc.