The invention provides a substation measurement information based method for estimating the local topology of an electric power system. According to the method, logical analysis is performed on remote-measurement and remote-communication data of the electric power system, which are collected by a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, the suspicious remote-measurement and remote-communication data are discriminated, substations which the suspicious data belong to are positioned, a linear programming model is established through power and current measurement data which are collected in the single substation or a plurality of adjacent substations in real time, real-time estimation is performed on a local topological structure of a transmission network, and errors in the data are corrected. According to the method, topology errors in the substations can be identified accurately through a principle of optimality, reliable input data can be provided for state estimation procedures, then interference of suspicious measurements is reduced, and local errors are prevented from affecting global results.