The invention provides a vertical type flow water bath collection method of one-way arrayed electrostatic spinning nanometer early growth fibers and a device thereof, and belongs to the electrostatic spinning field. The device of the vertical type flow water bath collection method of the one-way arrayed electrostatic spinning nanometer early growth fibers comprises a spinning nozzle, a rotary drum collector, a water bath groove, a cone-shaped flow pipe device in the water bath groove, a lower water bath receiving groove, and a constant temperature water bath device with a pump. A water current circulating system is formed between the water bath groove and the lower water bath receiving groove through a pipeline of the constant temperature water bath device. The vertical type flow water bath collection method of the one-way arrayed electrostatic spinning nanometer early growth fibers comprises the following steps: polymer spinning solution with certain concentration is allocated, the polymer spinning solution is injected through the spinning nozzle under the driving of electric field force, electrostatic spinning jet flow is formed, the phenomena of bend and disturbance are generated in air, most solution in the electrostatic spinning jet flow is removed through volatilization, filaments are basically solidified to form fibers and then the fibers are dropped on the surface of collecting bath, the fibers flow downward under the driving of upward water current, the fibers are further arrayed along a fiber shaft, and eventually the fibers are collected by a rotary drum. The electrostatic spinning nanometer fibers prepared from the vertical type flow water bath collection method of the one-way arrayed electrostatic spinning nanometer early growth fibers has the advantages of being high in one-way arrayed degree and orientation degree, and little in adhesion among monofilaments.