The invention relates to a rough rolling short stroke control and self-learning method and belongs to the technical field of steel rolling process control. A short stroke control curve mode adopts the polynomial, the second stage is adopted for calculating four coefficients Alpha 0, Alpha 1, Alpha 2 and Alpha 3 of a cubic polynomial in the continuous-rolling rough rolling vertical roller short stroke control process, the coefficients are issued to the first stage, and the operation is executed according to the cubic curve when the first stage receives the parameters issued by the second stage, and the self-learning with the rough rolling short stroke curve is obtained by aiming the rough rolling short stroke curve. The head and tail short stroke control is carried out during the rough rolling vertical roller manufacturing, and the short stroke position at the head and tail side pressure is precisely calculated. The method has the advantages that after the method is adopted, the head and tail width is obviously improved, and the width exceeding quantity at the head and tail parts is reduced by about 10mm.