The invention discloses a method for performing dynamic management on an ONU (optical network unit) based on a capability set template. The method comprises the following steps of: configuring a corresponding capability set template for an ONU with a new type on an OLT (optical line terminal), and obtaining an MD5 (message digest 5) code of the capability set template by parameters of the capability set template; accessing the ONU with the new type to OLT equipment; binding the ONU with the new type with the corresponding capability set template, and authorizing the ONU; displaying information of a configuration interface of the ONU or a panel state lamp and the like by a graphical network management system according to parameters of the capability set template; and clicking the configuration interface of the ONU to perform configuration management by a user. The invention provides the method for dynamically and flexibly managing the ONU by configuring a capability set template, wherein the ONU with the new type can be defined at any time according to user needs, the need of modifying a software module is avoided, thus saving the labour cost for software development and maintenance to a certain extent. Moreover, software update for the equipment is not required in the case that the ONU with the new type is accessed to the OLT to be used, thus avoiding the update risk and improving the user satisfaction.