The invention provides a fingerprint authentication system and a fingerprint authentication method based on NFC, and relates to the field of communication technology. The system comprises a fingerprint authentication platform, a Near-Field Communication (NFC) application terminal, and a NFC service terminal for providing an application service for the NFC application terminal. The fingerprint authentication platform is used for performing fingerprint authentication and registration on a valid user who utilizes the NFC application terminal, and generating a pair of keys according to the fingerprint information of the valid user. The NFC application terminal encrypts the personal information of the valid user according to a public key of the pair of keys, and transmits the encrypted personal information to the NFC service terminal in NFC way. The NFC service terminal decrypts the encrypted personal information according to a private key of the pair of keys to obtain the decrypted personal information, and provides an application service for the NFC application terminal according to the decrypted personal information. The system and method of the invention greatly improve the security of the personal information of a valid user, and maintains the interests of the valid user.