The invention relates to a structure of a valve for quick air intake and exhaust, which is characterized in that ports of straight-through holes at left and right ends of a valve body are respectively fixedly provided with an air intake valve cover and an air intake valve core, an inner taper is machined at a liner end of the air intake valve core, a through hole in the middle of the valve body between the air intake valve cover and the air intake valve core is internally provided with a rubber piston, a through hole of the middle of the valve between the rubber piston and the air intake valve cover is internally provided with a spring, one end of the rubber piston, opposite to the air intake valve core, has a tapered bottom surface, the taper of the bottom surface is the same as that of an inner taper hole in the air intake valve core, the outer circle of the rubber piston is machined with a bowl-shaped elastic edge opening, under a free state, the elastic edge opening can right seal an air outlet and an air inlet, and simultaneously, the taper surface of the rubber piston can seal the port of the air intake valve core. The structure disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, and the work is reliable.