A control system of an automatic optical fiber ring winding machine comprises a ring winding mechanism, a drive mechanism and a main controller. The ring winding mechanism comprises a fiber withdrawing shaft composed of a fiber withdrawing shaft left section and a fiber withdrawing shaft right section, a left fiber releasing shaft, a right fiber releasing shaft, a left rotating shaft and a right rotating shaft, wherein the left fiber releasing shaft, the right fiber releasing shaft, the left rotating shaft and the right rotating shaft are coaxial with the fiber withdrawing shaft and opposite in pairs. The left fiber releasing shaft and the left rotating shaft are sleeved on the fiber withdrawing shaft left section, and the fiber withdrawing shaft left section is arranged on a left sliding mechanism. The right fiber releasing shaft and the right rotating shaft are sleeved on the fiber withdrawing shaft right section, and the fiber withdrawing shaft right section is arranged on a right sliding mechanism. The drive mechanism comprises a left fiber releasing motor M1, a right fiber releasing motor M2, a left rotating motor M3, a right rotating motor M4, a left sliding motor M5, a right sliding motor M6 and a fiber withdrawing motor M7 for driving the fiber withdrawing shaft, wherein the left fiber releasing motor M1 and the right fiber releasing motor M2 are respectively used for driving the left fiber releasing shaft and the right fiber releasing shaft, the left rotating motor M3 and the right rotating motor M4 are respectively used for driving the left rotating shaft and the right rotating shaft, and the left sliding motor M5 and the right sliding motor M6 are respectively used for driving the left sliding mechanism and the right sliding mechanism. The main controller is respectively connected with servo drivers (S1-S7) of the motors (M1-M7).