The invention discloses a ceiling air-conditioning system based on a container type data center, for solving the problem that a cooling system is high in energy consumption in the prior art. The air-conditioning system comprises an indoor unit main body comprising an inner joint, an evaporator, an air return port, an electric control box and a joint box, and an outdoor unit main body comprising an outer joint, an external electric control box, a liquid storage tank, a compressor, a gas-liquid separator, a condenser fan and a condenser, wherein the inner joint is connected with the outer joint; the indoor unit main body is arranged on the top of a container; the evaporator, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor, the condenser, the liquid storage tank and an expansion valve are sequentially connected; the evaporator is connected to the expansion valve; an EC fan is arranged at an air outlet; and a temperature sensor connected with the electric control box is arranged at the air return port. According to the ceiling air-conditioning system, the resources are effectively utilized under the condition that the data center is normally used, and the energy consumption of the cooling system is reduced, so that the operating cost of the data center is greatly reduced.