The invention relates to a method for transmitting and processing high-speed data of a satellite and discloses a virtual channel based SpaceWire network transmission and processing system structure of the satellite. The method comprises packaging of satellite high-speed load data science source data, preprocessing of virtual channels, SpaceWire protocol format packaging, Consultative Committee for Space Data System (CCSDS) bit-stream service processing, packaging of physical transmission frames and the like. Data format analyses are conducted through building of a hardware test platform so as to finish storage and inversion of load data packages. By the aid of the method, according to processing and transmission characteristics of satellite borne high-speed data, data processing procedures are optimized, and the SpaceWire bus network transmission efficiency is improved.