The invention relates to an identification and detection method of doped polymers in cement-based materials and products thereof. The method includes placing cement-based materials or cement-based products subjected to a 200-mesh sieve into a drying oven for drying until constant weight; observing existence of re-dispersible latex powder polymers under a polarizing microscope and measuring refractive indexes of the polymers; selecting organic solvents capable of dissolving the re-dispersible latex powder polymers out according to differences of refractive indexes; performing standing and centrifugal separation, and collecting samples and solvents respectively; drying the samples in the drying oven until constant weight; placing the solvents into a rotary evaporator, collecting re-dispersible latex powder polymers dissolved from the samples in the solvents after the solvents are volatilized completely, and determining the type of the polymers through infrared analysis; and identifying the type of the polymers through fingerprint peaks in an infrared spectrogram. The method can effectively identifying the type and the doped amount of the re-dispersible latex powder polymers in the cement-based materials and products thereof, the detection period is short, and the gap of the detection technology is filled up.