The invention discloses a quick clamping mechanism. The quick clamping mechanism comprises an output shaft which is used for mounting a tool accessory and forms a locking slotted hole which passes through the internal wall of the output shaft, a locking component arranged in the locking slotted hole, a bushing block sleeved on the output shaft, and a first energy storing component acted on the bushing block; the quick clamping mechanism further comprises a moving component arranged in the locking slotted hole; and the moving component is in contact with the bushing block, and can exert radial component force and axial component force to the bushing block when the tool accessory is inserted. The quick clamping mechanism has the advantages of ingenuity in structure, convenience in achievement, and capability of effectively achieving the operation of clamping or unlocking a working accessory through one hand; and the quick clamping mechanism brings great convenience to a user for use.