The invention discloses a work condition self-adaptation control method for a petroleum-electricity hybrid power alternating current driving shunting locomotive. Input and cut-off of a storage battery and a diesel engine are automatically controlled through controlling automatic conversion of the work condition, so that the diesel engine operates in an economic characteristic curve and the energy of the storage battery is used to the maximum limitation to achieve the effect of energy saving, so that power hybrid performance of the locomotive can be fully developed, the power system efficiency of the hybrid power locomotive can be improved, the energy consumption is reduced and the waste emission is reduced. The work condition self-adaptation control method has the active effects that the energy-saving characteristic of the petroleum-electricity hybrid power locomotive in the field of shunting operation can be fully developed, so that the power hybrid performance of the locomotive can be fully developed, and the efficiency of the hybrid power locomotive is improved. Through automatic match of a locomotive control way and a locomotive operation way, the intelligent control of industrial mining self-adaptation of the shunting locomotive is realized, and the oil consumption of the whole vehicle and emission of harmful substances are reduced.