A multiple-degree-of-freedom near-field optical microscope based on a micro-nano motion arm comprises the micro-nano motion arm, a quartz tuning fork, a near-field optical probe, a sample scanning stand, a sinusoidal signal generator, a preposed lock-in amplifier, a control box and a detector and/or a light source, wherein the quartz tuning fork is fixed at the front end of the micro-nano motion arm; the near-field optical probe is fixed on one tuning fork arm of the quartz tuning fork; the sample scanning stand is positioned under the quartz tuning fork; the signal output end of the sinusoidal signal generator is connected with the input end of the quartz tuning fork; the input end of the preposed lock-in amplifier is connected with the output end of the quartz tuning fork; the input end of the control box is connected with the output end of the preposed lock-in amplifier, one output end of the control box is connected with the input end of the micro-nano motion arm, and the other output end of the control box is connected with the input end of the sample scanning stand; and the detector and/or the light source are/is connected with the near-field optical probe. The multiple-degree-of-freedom near-field optical microscope has an optical resolution capability beyond the diffraction limit as well as large-scale mobile flexibility and multi-degree-of-freedom operation capability, occupies a small space, and is very convenient to be combined with other microscopic characterization methods.