The invention discloses a high speed photoelectric real-time oscilloscope system, wherein a hyper-stable and ultra-short light pulse emitted by a femtosecond laser passes through a dispersive medium, a polarization controller and a light amplifier after being subjected to frequency femtosecond through a time wave length mapping technology; a microwave RF (radio frequency) signal is modulated by using a single arm double end output electric optical modulator; then the RF signal is pulled on time through a time domain multiple connection module and the dispersive medium; then each channel is accessed with an electro optical detector through a wavelength division multiplexing device; finally each channel in input to a multiple-channel analog to digital converter. At the same time, a self-adaptive feedback system is adopted so as to correct the influence of the external environment interference to the dispersive medium and ensure the system precision. According to the system, the signal simulation bandwidth is improved greatly, the periodic fading caused by the dispersion is compensated, the dispersive shake, the signal distortion and the multiple channel composite error caused by the external environment are corrected dynamically, the time measurement precision is improved, and system has the prospect of wide use in fields such as optical communication and the like.