The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials and particularly relates to a manufacturing method and a manufacturing device of a light-transmitting concrete block. The manufacturing method of the light-transmitting concrete block is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1), preparing the manufacturing device of the light-transmitting concrete block; (2), arranging optical fibers; (3) moulding concrete through casting: separating a moulding groove and a preparing groove; and then pouring concrete slurry in the moulding groove to perform vibration moulding; and (4) performing demoulding and cutting on concrete: demoluding hardened concrete from the moulding groove, cutting the concrete to the assigned thickness along the arrangement direction of the optical fibers so as to obtain the light-transmitting concrete block. The characteristics in the invention are that the optical fibers can be arranged fast and conveniently, the light-transmitting concrete block can be manufactured fast and can adopt a continuous manufacturing mode, and the utilization rate of the optical fibers is high, therefore, the industrialized production of the light-transmitting concrete block can be performed.