The invention belongs to a sludge treatment technology and in particular relates to a method for treating sludge by an explosion injection atomizing technology. According to the method, the sludge is placed in a rigid sealing container; at least one through hole for jetting sludge is formed in the circumferential wall of the sealing container; the aperture of the hole is increased from inside to outside and the inner aperture is 3 to 10 mm; the pressure which the unit area on the circumferential wall of the sealing container can bear is more than the pressure of shock wave generated by explosion of explosive; and the explosive weight and the sludge weight meet the following formula: q=km, wherein q is the using amount of the explosive, m is the sludge treatment quantity, and k is the single consumption coefficient (1 to 8 percent) of the explosive. Modification and dehydration are realized by the shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosive and high-temperature high-pressureenvironment; the flocculent colloid structure is damaged under the action of the explosion shock wave, so the grain size is reduced and modification is realized; and under the action of high pressure, the sludge is atomized in the jetting process, so dehydration is realized. Compared with the prior art, the production cost is greatly saved.