The invention relates to an air temperature adjusting system for heat exchange type vehicles and vessels, which comprises an evaporator using alcohol refrigerant, condenser, an ejecting and sucking device, a pump, a heater and a liquid storage tank. The ejecting and sucking device is capable of sucking refrigerant in the evaporator and outputting the refrigerant to the condenser, and the heater is capable of absorbing heat of engine tail gas by means of heat exchanging to vaporize the refrigerant. The heater is connected between the ejecting and sucking device and the pump through a pipe, and the evaporator comprises both of or one of an air-conditioning evaporator and a cooling evaporator. The evaporator is disposed on an engine air inlet pipe or arranged in an engine air inlet filter and used for cooling air flowing into an engine, dropping of air inlet temperature can improve air sucking efficiency of the engine, the engine can be in or close to the optimum operating state, engine power is improved, fuel consumption is reduced, and waste gas emission is reduced.