The invention relates to a hydrophobically associating polymer-diethanolamide type dual compound driving system, which is characterized by comprising main components in the following weight percentage: 0.08-0.20 percent of hydrophobically associating polymer, 0.05-0.30 percent of diethanolamide and 99.50-99.87 percent of water. The solution viscosity of the oil driving system can be adjusted according to needs, the mobility ratio can be controlled effectively, the oil-water interfacial tension can reach the lowest value 10<-3>N/m, and the recovery ratio can be improved greatly. Meanwhile, an oil layer, wellbore and pipeline cannot be damaged since no alkali is added in the system. The consumption of the polymer can be reduced greatly, the cost of the oil driving system can be decreased, and the large-scale promotion in an oil field can be facilitated.