The invention relates to a fault detection device for steel billet clamping of an induction heating furnace. The current equipment and apparatus are difficult to satisfy the requirements of high temperature and high vibration in production field. The fault detection device comprises transmission devices, photoelectric signal detection devices and infrared temperature measuring devices. a set of transmission device, photoelectric signal detection device and infrared temperature measuring device is separately equipped at the front part of the inlet and the rear part of the outlet of the induction heating furnace, the transmission device is embedded in a steel billet transmission track, the distance between the transmission devices is less than the length of the steel billet; the photoelectric signal detection device and the infrared temperature measuring device are positioned at the same side with the steel billet transmission track, the photoelectric signal detection device is just opposite to the transmission device, the infrared temperature measuring device is positioned between the induction heating furnace and the transmission device. The fault detection device of the inventionis capable of realizing the requirements of high temperature resistance and vibration resistance, and realizing the acquisition of fault signals.