The invention relates to a calcining furnace, and mainly provides a granular material calcining furnace and a calcining method. The calcining furnace is characterized in that a plurality of feeding containers (5) are longitudinally arranged in a calcining furnace hearth along the hearth, the feeding containers which are longitudinally arranged along the hearth are arranged a row or multiple rows; and the plurality of the feeding containers in each row are longitudinally arranged along the hearth and perform unloading and receiving material successively from the bottom to top under the action of an unloading mechanism, materials in each feeding container fall in the adjacent lower layer feeding containers and the materials falling off from the adjacent upper layer feeding containers are received. In the calcining furnace, the materials in the plurality of the feeding containers which are longitudinally arranged along the hearth are calcined layer by layer from top to bottom. The granular material calcining furnace and the calcining method provided by the invention have the advantages that the materials are fully stirred in a calcination process through multilayer feeding containers so as to uniformly heat and fully contact with furnace atmosphere, the furnace atmosphere is controllable, and the yield product is high; and a vertical type structure is adopted, the energy is saved, the efficiency is high, the investment is less, the occupied space is small, and the use is convenient and reliable.