The invention relates to a controllable drop coalescence prepared anisotropic particle material and a microfluid device. The particle material provided by the invention is prepared by the following steps: preparing liquid drop of a polymer monomer by the use of fluid shear force of a continuous phase in a liquid drop generation module; simultaneously preparing various desired liquid drops by the use of a plurality of liquid drop generation modules; allowing the liquid drops to simultaneously or successively enter into a hydraulic trap of a liquid drop operation module according to the requirement of the liquid drops and according to the position and direction of coalescence controlling for coalescence and photo polymerization, so as to prepare the anisotropy functional particle material. The liquid drop generation modules are connected with the liquid drop operation module through conduits; the liquid drop generation modules are formed by commonly-used microfluidic liquid drop generation chips; the liquid drop operation module is composed of a four-arm, six-arm or eight-arm hydraulic trap, and the dimension of micro channels in each module varies from several micrometers to hundreds of micrometers; coalescence between liquid drops and curing operation are carried out. The device provided by the invention is used to realize the preparation of the anisotropic particle material which has a plurality of forms and can be prepared only by the combination of many present prior arts.