The invention discloses a printing and dyeing sludge pyrolysis treatment device which successively comprises a sludge chamber, a combustion chamber and a product collecting chamber from top to bottom, wherein a feed port is arranged on the sludge chamber, and a support plate with holes is arranged between the sludge chamber and the combustion chamber; the combustion chamber is connected with a combustion engine, and a pyrolysis cavity is arranged in the combustion chamber; and a dump valve is arranged between the combustion chamber product collecting chamber. The invention also discloses a printing and dyeing sludge treatment method. In the invention, by adopting the vertical arrangement from top to bottom, the automatic flowing nature of the substance is fully utilized, and the problems of high viscosity and hard feeding of printing and dyeing sludge are solved. Sludge drying, pyrolysis, pyrolysis gas recycling and control are integrated, and energy consumption is effectively reduced. Not only is the recycling of the printing and dyeing sludge realized, but also the harm to environment is greatly lowered. Therefore, the demands of industry development and environmental protection can be well adapted and satisfied.