The invention relates to a carbon dioxide liquid evaporation self-driven refrigerating system. The refrigerating system is formed by sequentially connecting a carbon dioxide low-temperature storage tank, a needle valve, an evaporator, a fan, a capillary pipe, a heat exchanger, a one-way valve and a cutoff valve through a pipeline, wherein the carbon dioxide low-temperature storage tank is provided with a safety valve, a release valve and a ball valve; the output end of the carbon dioxide low-temperature storage tank is communicated with the input end of the ball valve; and the output end of the ball valve is connected with the input end of the needle valve. According to the technical scheme, carbon dioxide liquid is mainly pressed into the evaporator for evaporative refrigeration by using the internal pressure of the carbon dioxide low-temperature storage tank, and a refrigerant is directly discharged into the atmospheric air after absorbing heat. Refrigeration lasting for a corresponding period of time is performed according to the storage volume of the carbon dioxide low-temperature storage tank, so that refrigeration without any external driving power is realized, that is to say, normal work of the refrigerating system can be ensured when power is dissipated.