The invention discloses a polyurethane material surface-modified by polyethylene glycol and derivatives thereof as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the surface-modified polyurethane material comprises the steps of: at first, dissolving isocyanate in a solvent prepared from orthodichlorobenzene and methylbenzene to obtain a solution A; dissolving polyethylene glycol or derivatives of the polyethylene glycol in the solvent prepared from the orthodichlorobenzene and the methylbenzene to obtain a solution B; immersing a polyurethane material in the solution A, performing microwave radiation reaction to obtain a treated polyurethane material, then immersing the treated polyurethane material in the solution B, and performing microwave radiation reaction again to obtain the polyurethane material surface-modified by the polyethylene glycol and the derivatives thereof. By using the method, the reaction time is remarkably shortened, the energy consumption for production is reduced and the production cost is saved, the used equipment is simple, technologies are mature, and the method has a favorable industrial practical prospect; and the obtained surface-modified polyurethane material further improves the biological performance of the surface of materials, and can be widely applied to the fields, such as implantable devices, medical devices contacting with blood, and the like.