The invention discloses an oil-electric hybrid power control system for an electric bicycle, comprising a storage battery power supply system and a generator power supply system. The storage battery power supply system comprises an electric microprocessor; the electric microprocessor receives a motor current control signal and controls the storage battery to supply power to the motor through a motor control circuit by a first drive circuit; the generator power supply system comprises a generator microprocessor, a constant-pressure current-limiting circuit and a generator system; the generatormicroprocessor receives a mode selection signal and outputs the control signal to a second drive circuit; the second drive circuit controls the startup of the generator to supply power by the generator control circuit; the alternative current produced by the generator supplies power to the motor or/and charges the storage battery by the constant-pressure current-limiting circuit. In the invention, the maximum working power of the generator is controlled by the constant-pressure current-limiting circuit, thus, the phenomenon of the generator crash caused by overload is avoided. The exhausted use of the storage battery is avoided, and the service life of the storage battery is prolonged.