The invention discloses a method for testing poultry egg freshness based on photon radiation. The method comprises the steps of washing a to-be-tested poultry egg with distilled water until the egg is clear, sterilizing the egg surface, letting the egg stand in dark for 1 to 10 minutes and then testing spontaneous photon radiation ISL of the egg by a testing system based on single photon detection; exposing the egg in extraneous intensive exciting light for a certain time and testing delayed luminescence of the egg within a certain time T after being excited by light by the testing system based on single photon detection, and obtaining delayed luminescence integrated intensity I(T) in the time T through a mathematical fitting; defining a condition parameter Q and a freshness value K of the egg and evaluating the freshness of the egg according to the magnitude of the egg freshness value K in a range of zero to one. The evaluation criterion of the method is that the more the K value of the egg approximates zero, the fresher the egg is; the more the K value of the egg approximates one, the less fresh the egg is. The method in the invention has the characteristics of quickness, accuracy and no loss. Moreover, the reliability and operability of the method are proved in experiments.