The invention relates to a three-axle-linkage servo transmission system for a vertical spinning machine. The three-axle-linkage servo transmission system comprises a rack; two vertical screw rods are fixed to the rack, connected with a motor and synchronous belt wheels and also connected with a vertical beam; vertical sliders of the vertical beam are matched with vertical guide rails on the rack;a horizontal screw rod nut on a nut seat of the vertical beam is provided with a horizontal screw rod which is connected to a horizontal beam and connected with a motor; horizontal guide rails on thehorizontal beam are matched with horizontal sliders on the vertical beam; the horizontal beam is fixed to a spinning head motor; and a spinning head is connected with the horizontal beam through an oscillating shaft connected with the spinning head motor. The three-axle-linkage servo transmission system can drive the spinning head of a vertical spinning machine to do translational motions in vertical and horizontal directions and rotate around the oscillating shaft of the spinning head, thereby realizing the complicated motion trail of a spinning roller and the processing of workpieces in a large diameter range; in addition, since the ball screw rods and a hydraulic motor servo direct driving mechanism are adopted, the three-axle-linkage servo transmission system has the advantages of compact structure, high operating efficiency and high processing accuracy.