The invention relates to a ham appearance detection box which is arranged in a ham quality detection system based on image recognition. The ham appearance detection box comprises a box body, a bracket and a plurality of image detection units, wherein the box body is arranged at the outermost layer of the detection box and used for avoiding the interference of external lights; a ham channel is arranged in the center of the box body; the bracket is arranged in the box body and provided with a plurality of sets of image detection units; each image detection unit comprises a camera, a foreground light source and a backlight light source; and the image detection units are arranged at different altitudes of the bracket and the shooting angles of the image detection units cover all the appearance areas of the hams. By means of the ham appearance detection box, the image data of the hams can be rapidly obtained from various angles when the hams are dynamic and important data can be provided to the ham appearance quality detection system so that the defective hams can be rapidly and correctly detected by the whole system and the appearance quality of the hams can be effectively ensured.