The invention discloses a high-temperature superconducting linear suspension propulsion system, which comprises a high-temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system and a high-temperature superconducting linear propulsion system which share the same cryostat to form a composite integrated rotor, wherein only one cryostat is arranged in the high-temperature superconducting linear suspension propulsion system. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the high-temperature superconducting magnetic suspension system and the high-temperature superconducting linear propulsion system share a set of refrigerating system to form a composite integrated rotor structure, so that the magnetic suspension system and the propulsion system are combined into a whole, the characteristics of a high temperature superconductor are fully utilized, and space limitation and limitation of minimum volume brought by the refrigerating system are avoided; moreover, the problem of characteristic difference of the high temperature superconductor due to temperature difference is solved in the independent refrigerating process, so that the high-temperature superconducting linear suspension propulsion system is lower in loss, smaller in volume, lighter in weight, higher in efficiency and easier to operate.