The invention relates to a stichopus japonicus culture pond capable of effectively controlling light and temperature, and preventing and controlling foreign algae and a culturing method, belonging to the technical field of aquaculture. In the culture pond, a ventilating pipeline communicated with a blower is distributed at a position, 5 to 15cm away from the bottom of the pond, in the pond, and comprises a general pipeline communicated with the blower and a branch pipeline communicated with the general pipeline; and a sunshade net is arranged on the surface of pond water. The culturing method comprises the following steps: 1) introducing gas into the pond; 2) arranging the sunshade net; and 3) adjusting the sunshade net. By utilizing the stichopus japonicus culture pond capable of effectively controlling light and temperature, and preventing and controlling the foreign algae, gas is introduced into the pond, and the sunshade net is laid on the surface of the pond water in April, so that sunlight is shaded to inhibited benthic macroalgae to bloom, the water temperature in the pond is retained to rise in early stage and retained to reduce in later stage, and the growing season of the stichopus japonicus is prolonged. Therefore, the cost is reduced, the growth is promoted, healthy and efficient culture is realized, and the healthy and sustainable development of stichopus japonicus culture field in China is ensured.