The invention discloses a method for controlling the occurrence of cracks on a mass concrete structure. The method is characterized in that during the period for casting mass concrete, the reducing speed of temperature of the surface of the mass concrete is slowed down by a polyethylene foam board thermal-insulating layer adhered to a template, and simultaneously the emission of heat in the mass concrete is accelerated by way of introducing cold air into reserved prestressed bellows sequentially connected by hoses, thereby controlling the difference of temperatures inside and outside the mass concrete to be within 25 DEG C, and ensuring that no serious crack occurs on the mass concrete; in addition, the existing prestressed bellows are used as internal cooling facilities, therefore, additional special cooling tubes are not required, and the problem that the bellows and prestressed steel wires are corroded easily when the process of cooling is performed by water is solved; and besides, the method is simple in operation, and has the advantages of low cost and good application results and the like.