The invention solves the problem of space absolute orientation which is solved by a spacecraft by utilizing starlight observation and discloses three items of orientation star identification technologies, i.e. a star diagonal distance matching technology of a local sky area, a domain matching technology based on a forecast star map and a vector matching technology based on the forecast star map which systemically solve the technical difficult of orientation star identification in the starlight observation and the identification efficiency of the orientation star as well as three star map orientation balancing processing technologies, i.e. a parameter model processing technology based on coordinate increment, a coordinate increment parameter model processing technology with a distance restriction condition and a parameter model processing technology based on Euler rotation angle. The invention deduces the principles and the mathematic formulas of the models in detail, and improves the accuracy of the space absolute orientation of the spacecraft under different observation conditions based on prior information of satellite orbits, and the like.