The invention discloses a high-temperature superconducting duplex subsystem which is packaged in a refrigerator in vacuum; and the operating temperature is kept to be lower than the transition temperature of a superconducting material. The high-temperature superconducting duplex subsystem comprises two radio frequency (RF) ports, a large-power superconducting filter, a first circulator, a second circulator, a receiving channel and a microwave element. The system is applied in a wireless system and can realize the situation of simultaneously receiving and sending wireless signals.