The invention belongs to the field of medical equipment, relating to an operation guiding system and method based on an optical enhancement reality technology. The method comprises the steps of: displaying optical lattice generated by a computer on a display screen of an optical helmet display; shooting a calibration plate and the optical lattice through the display screen by a camera; recognizing the optical lattice and colour calibration points in the shot digital image and acquiring two-dimension coordinates of the optical lattice and colour calibration points by the computer; calculating mapping of the three-dimensional space of the calibration points to the two-dimensional space of an imaging surface of the optical helmet display to complete the calibration; and drawing corresponding virtual information according to the required mapping, and displaying the information on the display screen of the optical helmet display to realize the enhancement of operation scene. The invention can well support the application of the enhancement reality technology to the operation guiding system.