The invention provides a detection method of electronic speckles for synchronous carrier-frequency modulation in a three-dimensional deformation field. The method comprises the following steps: achieving short-distance illumination of three lasers and short-distance stack imaging on an object surface to be detected and a reference object surface by adopting a large-dislocation square prism; introducing carrier fringe patterns by deflecting the reference object surface, and then carrying out one-time modulation on a speckle interference fringe field lighted by the three lasers; when bending deformation occurs on the carrier fringe patterns under modulation of objection deformation after loading an object, independently measuring the deformed object by the three lasers, collecting the carrier fringe patterns before and after object deformation and the modulated carrier fringe patterns, and then respectively demodulating the carrier fringe patterns by a Fourier transform method to obtaina three-bitmap phase diagram containing off-plane and in-plane information; and finally carrying out phase operation to separate three components of a displacement field. By using the detection method, modulation of three speckle interference fringe fields by deflecting the reference object surface is achieved to obtain high-quality modulation fringe patterns. The method has the advantages of simple light path, relatively simple operation and high measuring precision.